Architecting Ground Truth: A Reference Design for Urban Energy Digital Twins
I. Beyond the 3D Model: The Need for a Truth Layer
When most people hear Digital Twin, they imagine a sleek 3D model of a
From Static Models to Relational Digital Twins: Rethinking District Energy Systems
Introduction
Cities are undergoing a fundamental shift in how energy is produced, distributed, and consumed. Electric vehicles (EVs), rooftop solar, and smart devices are no
Should Reviewers’ Names Be Published with the Papers They Review?
The peer-review process is the heartbeat of academic publishing. It is how researchers ensure that knowledge moves forward through scrutiny, feedback, and validation. Authors submit
A Study of the Capabilities of BMS APIs and Building Application Requirements
Introduction
Buildings are complex systems comprising multiple subsystems that must work together to maintain optimal indoor environmental conditions while ensuring efficient resource utilisation. These subsystems
On/Off Control Strategy Execution with IoT System Models
Introduction
A control strategy is a systematic approach used to manage a system's behaviour—typically through actuators—to ensure it meets performance goals,
